貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室（Bell Laboratory）是國(guó)際著名的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，是晶體管、激光器、太陽(yáng)能電池、發(fā)光二極管、數(shù)字交換機(jī)、通信衛(wèi)星、電子數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)、蜂窩移動(dòng)通信設(shè)備、長(zhǎng)途電視傳送、仿真語(yǔ)言、有聲電影、立體聲錄音，以及通信網(wǎng)的許多重大發(fā)明的誕生地。自1925年以來(lái)，貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室共獲得兩萬(wàn)五千多項(xiàng)專(zhuān)利。即使到現(xiàn)在，平均每個(gè)工作日獲得三項(xiàng)多專(zhuān)利。貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室的使命是為客戶(hù)創(chuàng)造、生產(chǎn)和提供富有創(chuàng)新性的技術(shù)，這些技術(shù)使朗訊科技（Lucent Technologies）公司在通信系統(tǒng)、產(chǎn)品、元件和網(wǎng)絡(luò)軟件方面處于全球領(lǐng)先地位。

發(fā)展歷程

貝爾電話(huà)實(shí)驗(yàn)室或貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室，最初是貝爾系統(tǒng)內(nèi)從事包括電話(huà)交換機(jī)，電話(huà)電纜，半導(dǎo)體等電信相關(guān)技術(shù)的研究開(kāi)發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)。

1925年，當(dāng)時(shí)AT&T總裁，華特·基佛德（Walter Gifford）。收購(gòu)了西方電子公司的研究部門(mén)，成立了一個(gè)叫做“貝爾電話(huà)實(shí)驗(yàn)室公司”的獨(dú)立實(shí)體。AT&T和西方電子各擁有該公司的50%。

貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室的工作可以大致分為三個(gè)類(lèi)別：基礎(chǔ)研究，系統(tǒng)工程和應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)。在基礎(chǔ)研究方面主要從事電信技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)理論研究，包括數(shù)學(xué)，物理學(xué)，材料科學(xué)，行為科學(xué)和計(jì)算機(jī)編程理論。系統(tǒng)工程主要研究構(gòu)成電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的高度復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)。開(kāi)發(fā)部門(mén)是貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室最大的部門(mén)，負(fù)責(zé)設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)成貝爾系統(tǒng)電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)備和軟件。

1984年以后，按照美國(guó)政府分拆AT&T的協(xié)議，從貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室中分割成立了Bellcore。Bellcore為分拆后的一系列小貝爾公司統(tǒng)一提供研究開(kāi)發(fā)的服務(wù)。

1996年，貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室以及AT&T的設(shè)備制造部門(mén)脫離AT&T成為朗訊科技。AT&T保留了少數(shù)研究人員成為其研究機(jī)構(gòu)——AT&T實(shí)驗(yàn)室。

重要研究成果

1933年，卡爾·央斯基（Karl Jansky）通過(guò)研究長(zhǎng)途通訊中的靜電噪聲發(fā)現(xiàn)銀河中心在持續(xù)發(fā)射無(wú)線(xiàn)電波，此電波稱(chēng)為3K背景輻射。透過(guò)此研究而建立了射電天文學(xué)。

1947年，貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室發(fā)明晶體管。參與這項(xiàng)研究的約翰·巴?。↗ohn Bardeen）、威廉·蕭克利（William Shockley）、華特·豪舍·布拉頓（Walter Houser Brattain）于1956年獲諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。

香農(nóng)（Claude Shannon）于1948年發(fā)表論文《通訊的數(shù)學(xué)原理》，奠定了現(xiàn)代通信理論的基礎(chǔ)。他的成果是部分基于奈奎斯特和哈特利先前在貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室的成果。

貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室發(fā)明光電池。

貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室也是UNIX操作系統(tǒng)和C語(yǔ)言的發(fā)源地。C語(yǔ)言是由Brian Kernighan、Dennis Ritchie 和 Ken Thompson 在1970年代早期開(kāi)發(fā)的。在1980年代，又由比加尼·斯楚士舒普發(fā)展為C 語(yǔ)言。

More than any other institution, Bell Labs has helped weave the technological fabric of modern society. Its scientists and engineers have made seminal scientific discoveries, have launched technological revolutions that have reshaped the way people live, work and play, and have built the most advanced and reliable communications networks in the world.

Today, as the innovation engine behind Lucent Technologies, Bell Labs designs products and services that are at the forefront of communications technology, and conducts fundamental research in fields important to communications. Guided by both experience and vision, Bell Labs is taking the lead in shaping tomorrow's broadband networks powered with service intelligence at every network layer.

The Bell Labs Difference

The new Bell Labs is spread across more than 10 countries - the largest R&D organization focused on the needs of large service providers, the leading source of new communications technologies and the most creative force in communications networking today.

The technology needs of leading service providers now drive our R&D efforts. For example, we have increased our investment in R&D that will enable simpler, more "service-friendly" networks with more intelligence in every layer. Bell Labs R&D also includes optical network technologies, packet data solutions, circuit-to-packet network migrations, spread-spectrum wireless technologies, and network operation and management software.

The breadth and depth of experience that the people of Bell Labs bring to the table are unrivaled in the industry. perhaps that is why - more often than not - Bell Labs provides the vision and sets the pace for the entire communications industry. Our scientists and engineers are constantly pushing the envelope of what's possible in communications.

Bell Labs is so productive it receives about two patents per working day. Yet what Bell Labs brings to Lucent and its customers is more than a knack for creating new technologies. Customers' needs for technology integration, for network planning, optimization, and management have never been greater. And Bell Labs, which pioneered systems engineering and many areas of operations research, answers this call with its deep understanding of how large, complex networks fit together.

Shaping the Future

Past Bell Labs breakthroughs - like transistors, lasers and digital encryption - are the basis of today's communications industry. The innovations coming out of Bell Labs today are laying the foundation for tomorrow's networks. Examples include:

Softswitches, the "Brains" of a new network architecture that enables service providers to quickly introduce new services and manage the convergence of voice and data traffic on their networks.

Smart antennas and other wireless technologies that can reduce equipment size, cost, and power requirements.

Raman and L-band amplifiers, which expand the capacity of optical networks.

Software and technology that can shorten service-creation intervals, improve customer relationships, reduce costs, and optimize networks.

Research

While the vast majority - more than 90 percent - of the scientists and engineers at Bell Labs are applying their considerable talents to the needs of service providers, it is prudent to maintain a broader technical capability than what is currently required by our customers. For this reason, Bell Labs maintains a small, but prolific, long-term research program. That research explores such areas as the future of wireless and optical networking, the Internet, multimedia communications, physics and mathematics. Lucent's investment in long-term research provides the "seed corn" to ensure that we maintain a leading position in technologies critical to our future.

In the last few months, this research program has produced:

The world's first semiconductor laser that emits light continuously and reliably over a broad spectrum of infrared wavelengths.

The discovery that crystals in the skeletons of marine creatures called brittlestars act as optical receptors. By studying them, we might learn how to design better optical elements for telecommunications networks.

Improved superconducting materials. The Bell Labs Difference

The new Bell Labs is spread across more than 10 countries - the largest R&D organization focused on the needs of large service providers, the leading source of new communications technologies and the most creative force in communications networking today.

The technology needs of leading service providers now drive our R&D efforts. For example, we have increased our investment in R&D that will enable simpler, more "service-friendly" networks with more intelligence in every layer. Bell Labs R&D also includes optical network technologies, packet data solutions, circuit-to-packet network migrations, spread-spectrum wireless technologies, and network operation and management software.

The breadth and depth of experience that the people of Bell Labs bring to the table are unrivaled in the industry. Perhaps that is why - more often than not - Bell Labs provides the vision and sets the pace for the entire communications industry. Our scientists and engineers are constantly pushing the envelope of what's possible in communications.

Bell Labs is so productive it receives about two patents per working day. Yet what Bell Labs brings to Lucent and its customers is more than a knack for creating new technologies. Customers' needs for technology integration, for network planning, optimization, and management have never been greater. And Bell Labs, which pioneered systems engineering and many areas of operations research, answers this call with its deep understanding of how large, complex networks fit together.

Shaping the Future

Past Bell Labs breakthroughs - like transistors, lasers and digital encryption - are the basis of today's communications industry. The innovations coming out of Bell Labs today are laying the foundation for tomorrow's networks. Examples include:

Softswitches, the "brains" of a new network architecture that enables service providers to quickly introduce new services and manage the convergence of voice and data traffic on their networks.

Smart antennas and other wireless technologies that can reduce equipment size, cost, and power requirements.

Raman and L-band amplifiers, which expand the capacity of optical networks.

Software and technology that can shorten service-creation intervals, improve customer relationships, reduce costs, and optimize networks.

Research

While the vast majority - more than 90 percent - of the scientists and engineers at Bell Labs are applying their considerable talents to the needs of service providers, it is prudent to maintain a broader technical capability than what is currently required by our customers. For this reason, Bell Labs maintains a small, but prolific, long-term research program. That research explores such areas as the future of wireless and optical networking, the Internet, multimedia communications, physics and mathematics. Lucent's investment in long-term research provides the "seed corn" to ensure that we maintain a leading position in technologies critical to our future.

In the last few months, this research program has produced:

The world's first semiconductor laser that emits light continuously and reliably over a broad spectrum of infrared wavelengths.

The discovery that crystals in the skeletons of marine creatures called brittlestars act as optical receptors. By studying them, we might learn how to design better optical elements for telecommunications networks.

Improved superconducting materials. The Bell Labs Difference

The new Bell Labs is spread across more than 10 countries - the largest R&D organization focused on the needs of large service providers, the leading source of new communications technologies and the most creative force in communications networking today.

The technology needs of leading service providers now drive our R&D efforts. For example, we have increased our investment in R&D that will enable simpler, more "service-friendly" networks with more intelligence in every layer. Bell Labs R&D also includes optical network technologies, packet data solutions, circuit-to-packet network migrations, spread-spectrum wireless technologies, and network operation and management software.

The breadth and depth of experience that the people of Bell Labs bring to the table are unrivaled in the industry. Perhaps that is why - more often than not - Bell Labs provides the vision and sets the pace for the entire communications industry. Our scientists and engineers are constantly pushing the envelope of what's possible in communications.

Bell Labs is so productive it receives about two patents per working day. Yet what Bell Labs brings to Lucent and its customers is more than a knack for creating new technologies. Customers' needs for technology integration, for network planning, optimization, and management have never been greater. And Bell Labs, which pioneered systems engineering and many areas of operations research, answers this call with its deep understanding of how large, complex networks fit together.

Shaping the Future

Past Bell Labs breakthroughs - like transistors, lasers and digital encryption - are the basis of today's communications industry. The innovations coming out of Bell Labs today are laying the foundation for tomorrow's networks. Examples include:

Softswitches, the "brains" of a new network architecture that enables service providers to quickly introduce new services and manage the convergence of voice and data traffic on their networks.

Smart antennas and other wireless technologies that can reduce equipment size, cost, and power requirements.

Raman and L-band amplifiers, which expand the capacity of optical networks.

Software and technology that can shorten service-creation intervals, improve customer relationships, reduce costs, and optimize networks.

Research

While the vast majority - more than 90 percent - of the scientists and engineers at Bell Labs are applying their considerable talents to the needs of service providers, it is prudent to maintain a broader technical capability than what is currently required by our customers. For this reason, Bell Labs maintains a small, but prolific, long-term research program. That research explores such areas as the future of wireless and optical networking, the Internet, multimedia communications, physics and mathematics. Lucent's investment in long-term research provides the "seed corn" to ensure that we maintain a leading position in technologies critical to our future.

In the last few months, this research program has produced:

The world's first semiconductor laser that emits light continuously and reliably over a broad spectrum of infrared wavelengths.

The discovery that crystals in the skeletons of marine creatures called brittlestars act as optical receptors. By studying them, we might learn how to design better optical elements for telecommunications networks.

Improved superconducting materials